We’re on our way to building an AppleScript to update all of the contacts in your Mac Address Book with pictures from the Gravatar service. This is part 3 of the series.

Part 1, Gravatar, AppleScript, and Address Book Pictures, introduced the topic and ended with a short AppleScript to construct a Gravatar URL given an e-mail address.

Then in part 2, Setting an Address Book Picture with AppleScript, we built a script showing how to successfully set a contact photo in Address Book.

Now we need to detect when the Gravatar service does not have an image on file for a given e-mail address. The problem is that Gravatar does one of several things when it doesn’t have a matching image: return a default image, return an image you specify, or generate an image in one of several styles. But in every case it returns an image.

This is all well and good if you’re displaying Gravatars on a blog comments page. The Gravatar URL ends up inside an img tag and this keeps it dead simple. It’s also nice for everyone to get some kind of avatar even if they haven’t created one.

But for our purposes we don’t need a default image that ends up being attached to a contact. Not only does it clutter our contacts, but it would make it more difficult if we later wanted our script to only update contacts with no existing picture and leave the others alone.

Detecting a no match condition would also be useful in a WordPress plugin even if a default image was used. For example, I’ve always wanted to display some sort of indicator and a link to Gravatar for those who don’t have a Gravatar yet. If we can detect that a default image was used then we can set a CSS class on the image or do other creative things.

So how do we tell if there is no image match? It’s simple with a little undocumented trick in the Gravatar URL.

There is a d= parameter where we can specify a default image to return when there is no match. If we set that to null by using two empty URL encoded quotes then instead of a default image we get nothing. For example:

For our Address Book script we need to save the image to a file anyway so we just check for the existence of the file or a zero size. We can skip that entry or take other action if there is nothing there.

In the case of a WordPress plugin it might be less convenient because we may have to hit the Gravatar servers twice; once to check for a no match condition, then again to get the image with whatever default we actually want. Of course, if we use a local default file then it would still only be one call to the Gravatar service but that rules out using one of the cool generated defaults.

(If any of the Gravatar folks are listening, it would be great to have an option in the URL that means I’m using this for further processing and not in an img tag then also pass back some sort of status telling if the image is a default.)

Here’s a demonstration AppleScript that makes use of the above technique to download a Gravatar for a given e-mail address and take action only if there was a matched image: (Open in Script Editor)

(Updated with a small bug fix on 03/25/2009.)
(Updated on 04/23/2009 to remove my testing e-mail address and display the downloaded file path.)

-- Download a Gravatar image and see if it's a match or default.
-- Released under GPL.
-- by Doug Smith, http://smithsrus.com
 
-- The e-mail address to look up.
set email to "someone@somewhere.com"
 
-- Calculate an MD5 for the e-mail address.
set md5_email to do shell script "md5 -q -s `echo " & email & " | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]'`"
 
-- Construct the Gravatar URL.
set grav_url to quoted form of ("http://gravatar.com/avatar/" & md5_email & "?d=" & "%22%22" as text)
 
-- Make a file name in which to temporarily save the Gravatar.
set grav_file to (path to temporary items) & "gravatar" & md5_email & ".jpg" as text
set grav_POSIX_file to quoted form of POSIX path of grav_file
 
-- Download the Gravatar image to the temporary file with a timeout of 10 seconds.
do shell script "curl " & grav_url & " -m 10 -o " & grav_POSIX_file
 
tell application "System Events"
	if exists file grav_file then
		tell me to display dialog "Yes, we have a matching Gravatar downloaded to " & grav_POSIX_file & "." buttons {"Okay"} default button 1
		delete file grav_file
	else
		tell me to display dialog "Sorry, there was no matching Gravatar." buttons {"Okay"} default button 1
	end if
end tell

Well, we’re almost to our goal of a script to automatically update all of our Address Book contacts with Gravatars. I’ll put it all together next time in part 4.

In part 1, Gravatar, AppleScript, and Address Book Pictures, we covered the basics of getting a Gravatar URL with AppleScript. The end goal is to automatically update all of our Address Book pictures with Gravatars in one fell swoop.

There are a couple tricky things we need to solve to reach our goal. They aren’t difficult; just not well documented, if at all.

In this post I’ll show you how to update a contact picture with AppleScript.

Let’s get started.

We know from the Gravatar documentation that it returns images in jpeg format. Now according to the AppleScript dictionary for Address Book, the person class has an image element that is in TIFF format. So we’ll have to convert the image.

In addition, Address Book is very particular about how it gets an image. The only way I could make it work was to have the actual TIFF picture data loaded into a variable then set the contact’s picture to that. I couldn’t just refer to a file, even if it was already a TIFF.

Fortunately, there’s no need to go through a big conversion script or call on other applications. You can simply open a jpeg file from AppleScript and read the contents into a variable while coercing it to TIFF format.

Here is a demonstration script showing how it works: (Open in Script Editor)

-- Set an Address Book contact photo from a jpeg file.
-- Released under GPL.
-- by Doug Smith, http://smithsrus.com
--
-- This is for demonstration purposes. It only works on the first selected
-- contact in Address Book and contains little error checking. Note that
-- the picture displayed will not change until you select a different record
-- then come back to the original record so it can refresh.
 
tell application "Address Book"
	set AB_contacts to selection
 
	if number of items in AB_contacts = 1 then
		set one_contact to item 1 of AB_contacts
 
		set pict_file to choose file of type "JPEG" with prompt "Choose a jpeg file"
		open for access pict_file
		set pict_data to read pict_file as "TIFF"
		close access pict_file
 
		set image of one_contact to pict_data
	end if
end tell

It’s worth noting that my attempts to get the picture data into a variable Address Book accepted by means other than reading a file were not successful. For example, I tried using a shell call to curl to download a file and return the results to a variable. That would have been nice for our purpose of downloading a Gravatar image. If anyone has any further insight on that please let me know.

That’s all for this post. Stay tuned for part 3 when I’ll cover Detecting When Gravatar Has No Image to Match an E-mail Address. Then in part 4 we’ll put it all together with a Script to Update Address Book Contacts with Gravatar Images.

Update: This is a repost of some of my older site content. The veterinary clinic has since moved to a new location. I’m happy to report that they took their dumpster with them and it still has the label.